Characteristics of calcined palm oil pastes for biosilica extraction as a function of calcination temperatures

Palm oil production in Malaysia has increased over the years. As consequence of high palm oil, surplus quantities biomass wastes such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shell (PKS), and decanter cake (DC) are generated. Generally, these used fuel to generate steam for boilers, which end up ash. several agricultural well-known be rich silica content, this study aims investigate bio-silica content EFB, PKS DC their characteristics when calcined at various calcination temperatures from 400°C 800°C. Several analyses were conducted weight loss, color, BET, SEM FTIR. The results have shown that all samples favorably exhibited higher temperatures, i.e., Color analysis depicted combustible elements mostly removed 800°C, leaving non-combusted waste Weight loss presented EFB achieved highest 99.05%, followed by 95.65% 83.95%. This led a relatively amount or purity sample. BET showed surface area, 20.087m2/g (PKS) lowest is 9.492m2/g 800°C verified porosity further absorption applications. presence was also significantly observed FTIR spectra samples. Overall, it concluded PKS, highly potential contribute bio-silica, thus can an option overcome disposal issues industries.